Joseph in Egypt

The narrative of Joseph in Egypt spans the final chapters of the book of Genesis, detailing the migration of the family of Israel from Canaan to the Nile delta (Genesis 37:1–2). The account begins when Joseph is sold by his brothers to Ishmaelite traders and subsequently purchased by Potiphar, an officer of the Egyptian guard (Genesis 37:28–36). While in Egypt, Joseph interprets the dreams of Pharaoh leading to his appointment as a high-ranking official over the land (Genesis 41:39–41). During this period, he marries Asenath, who gives birth to two sons, Manasseh, and Ephraim (Genesis 41:50–52).

When a severe famine strikes the region, the family of Israel travels to Egypt to purchase grain. Reuben, the firstborn, initially attempts to protect his younger brother, while Judah eventually offers himself as a pledge for the safety of Benjamin (Genesis 37:21–22, 43:8–9). The text identifies the various members of the household who settle in Egypt, including Levi, whose sons Gershon, Kohath, and Merari represent the future divisions of the priestly tribe (Genesis 46:11). Other family members mentioned in the migration include Hanoch, and Jemuel, the firstborn of Simeon (Genesis 46:9–10). The text also accounts for the lineage of Judah noting his sons Perez and Zerah, as well as his grandson Hezron (Genesis 46:12).

The story concludes with the reconciliation of the brothers and the relocation of the aging Israel to the district of Goshen (Genesis 47:1–6). Before his death, Israel blesses his grandsons, deliberately placing his right hand on Ephraim instead of the firstborn Manasseh (Genesis 48:13–14). The narrative also looks forward to the future of the tribes, mentioning descendants such as Machir, who Joseph lived to see (Genesis 50:23).

This sequence serves as the transition from the patriarchal age of Abraham and Isaac to the national history of the Israelites. By the end of the book, the descendants of the twelve brothers are established in Egypt, setting the stage for their eventual multiplication and subsequent enslavement. The text emphasizes that despite the brothers' initial intent to harm Joseph, the events were directed to ensure the survival of the family and the fulfillment of the promises made to their ancestors (Genesis 50:20–24).