Jerah
Who was Jerah in the Bible?
Jerah was a son of Joktan and a descendant of Shem, listed in the Table of Nations as a progenitor of early Arabian tribes.
Jerah is a figure appearing in the early genealogical records of the Old Testament, specifically within the Primeval History following the Great Flood. He is identified as the fourth son of Joktan, who was a descendant of Eber in the line of Shem. His name is preserved in the foundational biblical genealogies that map the dispersion of humanity and the establishment of various ethnic and linguistic groups.
While the biblical text provides no narrative details concerning his personal life or specific deeds, Jerah’s inclusion in the 'Table of Nations' signifies his role as a tribal founder. Scholarly consensus generally places the descendants of Joktan, including Jerah, within the southern regions of the Arabian Peninsula, contributing to the early post-diluvian geopolitical landscape.
Background and Family
Jerah is situated within the genealogical lineage of Shem, the son of Noah. According to the records found in both Genesis and 1 Chronicles, Jerah was one of thirteen sons born to Joktan. His father, Joktan, was the brother of Peleg; the text notes that in Peleg’s days the earth was divided (Genesis 10:25). This placement identifies Jerah as part of the third generation following the Flood, appearing during a period of rapid expansion and tribal settlement.
Jerah’s siblings include Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, Obal, Abimael, Sheba, Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab. Collectively, these brothers are recognized by historians and biblical scholars as the progenitors of the 'Joktanite' Arabs, distinct from the later 'Ishmaelite' Arabs. The shared lineage with figures such as Sheba and Ophir suggests that Jerah’s descendants were part of a network of tribes involved in the early trade and settlement of the ancient Near East.
Major Life Events
The biblical record for Jerah is strictly genealogical. There are no recorded speeches, specific geographic movements, or personal milestones preserved in the Masoretic Text or the Septuagint. The two primary references to him are as follows:
"And Joktan was the father of Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah..." (Genesis 10:26)
"And Joktan was the father of Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah..." (1 Chronicles 1:20)
Because the Bible offers no narrative arc for Jerah, he remains a figure defined entirely by his ancestry and his status as a patriarch of a specific lineage. In the context of Primeval History, his "life event" is the fulfillment of the post-Flood mandate to be fruitful and multiply, contributing to the repopulation of the earth.
Relationship to Other Biblical Figures
Jerah’s primary significance lies in his relationship to the line of Eber. As a Joktanite, he represents a branch of the Semitic family tree that diverged from the line leading to Abraham. While Peleg (Jerah’s uncle) is the ancestor of the Hebrews, Jerah and his brothers represent a sister-lineage that settled the Arabian frontier. This establishes a remote familial connection between the Israelites and the various tribes of the Arabian Peninsula mentioned throughout the Old Testament.
Spiritual Significance
From a theological perspective, Jerah is a witness to the sovereignty of God over human history and the distribution of nations. The inclusion of his name in the Holy Scriptures serves to validate the historical scope of the Genesis account, demonstrating that every tribe and family has a place within the divine record. In the context of 1 Chronicles, his name appears in a list designed to remind the post-exilic community of their ancient roots and their relation to the wider world as ordered by God since the time of Noah.
Theological significance for Jerah is derived from his presence in the 'Table of Nations.' This section of Scripture emphasizes the common ancestry of all mankind and the intentionality behind the dispersion of peoples across the earth. By naming Jerah alongside his brothers, the text affirms that the various regional powers and tribes—even those outside the direct covenant line of Abraham—are known to God and hold a place in the historical record of creation.
Furthermore, the name Jerah (which in Hebrew is related to the word for 'moon') has led some scholars to suggest he was the eponymous ancestor of a tribe associated with lunar calendars or specific geographic locations in Southern Arabia. However, within the biblical text itself, Jerah stands as a silent representative of the vast expansion of the Semitic peoples following the judgment at the Tower of Babel.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who was Jerah's father?
Jerah was the son of Joktan, a descendant of Shem.
Where is Jerah mentioned in the Bible?
Jerah is mentioned in two places: Genesis 10:26 and 1 Chronicles 1:20.
What does the name Jerah mean?
In Hebrew, the name Jerah (Yerah) is often associated with the word for 'moon' or 'month'.
What tribe did Jerah belong to?
He was a Joktanite, part of the early Semitic tribes that settled in the Arabian Peninsula during the Primeval History.
Did Jerah have any children?
The Bible does not record the names of Jerah's children, though it implies he was a tribal founder whose descendants contributed to the post-Flood population.
Family & Relationships
Parents
JoktanFatherGenesis 10:26Stated
JerahThis page
AbimaelBrotherGenesis 10:26–28Stated
AlmodadBrotherGenesis 10:26Stated
DiklahBrotherGenesis 10:26–27Stated
HadoramBrotherGenesis 10:26–27Stated
Havilah, Son of JoktanBrotherGenesis 10:26–29Stated
HazarmavethBrotherGenesis 10:26Stated
Jobab, Son of JoktanBrotherGenesis 10:26–29Stated
ObalBrotherGenesis 10:26–28Stated
OphirBrotherGenesis 10:26–29Stated
Sheba, Son of JoktanBrotherGenesis 10:26–28Stated
ShelephBrotherGenesis 10:26Stated
UzalBrotherGenesis 10:26–27Stated
Connected Figures
Family

Father · Genesis 10:26
A foundational patriarch and son of Eber, Joktan is the progenitor of thirteen Arabian tribes in the post-Flood era.

Brother · Genesis 10:26–28
A son of Joktan and a descendant of Shem, listed in the Table of Nations as a progenitor of an early Arabian tribe.

Brother · Genesis 10:26
Almodad was the firstborn son of Joktan and a descendant of Shem, listed in the Table of Nations as a founder of early post-flood tribal groups.
Primeval HistoryFirst: Genesis 10:265 versesTribal Founder

Brother · Genesis 10:26–27
Diklah was a son of Joktan and a descendant of Shem, listed in the Table of Nations as a progenitor of early Semitic peoples.

Brother · Genesis 10:26–27
A son of Joktan and descendant of Shem, Hadoram was an early patriarch mentioned in the Table of Nations as a founder of a post-Flood tribal group.

Brother · Genesis 10:26–29
A descendant of Shem through Joktan, Havilah was a progenitor of a tribe in the Arabian Peninsula during the Primeval History era.

Brother · Genesis 10:26
A son of Joktan and a descendant of Shem, listed in the Table of Nations as a patriarch of the early post-flood world.

Brother · Genesis 10:26–29
A descendant of Shem and the final son listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan within the Table of Nations.

Brother · Genesis 10:26–28
Obal was a son of Joktan and a great-great-great-great-grandson of Noah, listed in the Table of Nations as a progenitor of an early post-Flood clan.
Primeval HistoryFirst: Genesis 10:285 versesTribal Progenitor

Brother · Genesis 10:26–29
Ophir was a descendant of Shem through the line of Joktan, listed in the Table of Nations during the Primeval History following the Great Flood.

Brother · Genesis 10:26–28
A descendant of Shem through Joktan, listed in the Table of Nations as a foundational patriarch of the post-Flood Semitic lineages.

Brother · Genesis 10:26
Sheleph was a son of Joktan and a descendant of Shem, listed in the Table of Nations as a founder of early Arabian tribal groups.
Categories
Mentions by Book
- Genesis4
- 1 Chronicles1
Scripture References
All 5 indexed verses, in canonical order, from the Berean Standard Bible.
Genesis · 4
- Genesis 10:26
And Joktan was the father of Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah,
- Genesis 10:27Partial
Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,
Cited as evidence on a family card; added so References, Key Verses and Mentions by Book share one index.
- Genesis 10:28Partial
Obal, Abimael, Sheba,
Cited as evidence on a family card; added so References, Key Verses and Mentions by Book share one index.
- Genesis 10:29Partial
Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab. All these were sons of Joktan.
Cited as evidence on a family card; added so References, Key Verses and Mentions by Book share one index.
1 Chronicles · 1
- 1 Chronicles 1:20
And Joktan was the father of Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah,
